Reference Articles

This page is periodically updated. I have tried to categorize topics so please click on any of the headings below to expand. There may be some overlap and references are not listed in order of publication or priority.

Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD

General - Dementia Prevention 

Fang, M., Hu, J., Weiss, J. et al. Lifetime risk and projected burden of dementia. Nat Med31, 772–776 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03340-9
Prof Gill Livingston, MD, Jonathan Huntley, PhDc, Kathy Y Liu, MRCP, Prof Sergi G Costafreda, PhD, Prof Geir Selbæk, MD, Prof Suvarna Alladi, PhD, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission, The Lancet Commissions Volume 404, Issue 10452 p572-628, August 10, 2024
Stephan BCM, Cochrane L, Kafadar AH, Brain J, Burton E, Myers B, Brayne C, Naheed A, Anstey KJ, Ashor AW, Siervo M. Population attributable fractions of modifiable risk factors for dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2024 Jun;5(6):e406-e421. doi: 10.1016/S2666-7568(24)00061-8
Anna Rosenberg, Tiia Ngandu, Minna Rusanen, Riitta Antikainen, Lars Bäckman, Satu Havulinna, Tuomo Hänninen, Tiina Laatikainen, Jenni Lehtisalo, Esko Levälahti, Jaana Lindström. Multidomain lifestyle intervention benefits a large elderly population at risk for cognitive decline and dementia regardless of baseline characteristics: The FINGER trial;  19 October 2017, Alzheimers and Dementia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.09.006
Hwang, PH ∙ Ang, TFA ∙ De Anda-Duran, I ∙ et al. Examination of potentially modifiable dementia risk factors across the adult life course: The Framingham Heart Study. Alzheimers Dement. 2023; 19:2975-2983. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12940
Nabeel Saif BA, MS; George Sadek, BA; Sonia Bellara, MBBS; Hollie Hristov, FNP; and Richard S. Isaacson, MD. Brain Health & DementiaRisk Reduction: As preventative neurology becomes possible, it is worth providing risk reduction care to those at risk of Alzheimer’s disease dementia; May 31, 2019, Practical Neurology.
Schelke Matthew W. , Attia Peter , Palenchar Daniel J. , Kaplan Bob , Mureb Monica , Ganzer Christine A. , Scheyer Olivia , Rahman Aneela , Kachko Robert , Krikorian Robert , Mosconi Lisa , Isaacson Richard. Mechanisms of Risk Reduction in the Clinical Practice of Alzheimer’s Disease Prevention, Front. Aging Neurosci., 09 April 2018, Sec. Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00096
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Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD

Head Trauma and Dementia 

Russell, ER, Mackay, DF, Stewart, K et al. Association of field position and career length with risk of neurodegenerative disease in male former professional soccer players. JAMA Neurol. 2021; 78:1057-1063. doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2403
Russell ER, Mackay DF, Lyall D, Stewart K, MacLean JA, Robson J, Pell JP, Stewart W. Neurodegenerative disease risk among former international rugby union players. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022 Dec;93(12):1262-1268. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-329675
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Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD

Psychological Factors and Dementia 

Dronse, Ohndorf, Richter, Bischof, Fassbender, Behfar, Gramespacher, Dillen, Jacobs, Kukolja, Fink, Onur.  Serum cortisol is negatively related to hippocampal volume, brain structure, and memory performance in healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. Volume 15 - 2023. DOI=10.3389/fnagi.2023.1154112
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Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD

Vascular Health and Dementia 

The Mega Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (MEGAVCID) consortium. A genome-wide association meta-analysis of all-cause and vascular dementia. Alzheimer's Dement. 2024; 20: 5973–5995. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14115
IAlber J, Alladi S, Bae HJ, Barton DA, Beckett LA, Bell JM, Berman SE, Biessels GJ, Black SE, Bos I, Bowman GL, Brai E, Brickman AM, Callahan BL, Corriveau RA, Fossati S, Gottesman RF, Gustafson DR, Hachinski V, Hayden KM, Helman AM, Hughes TM, Isaacs JD, Jefferson et al. White matter hyperintensities in vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): Knowledge gaps and opportunities. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2019 Apr 9;5:107-117. doi: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.02.001.
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Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD

Exercise and Dementia 

Wanigatunga, Amal A. et al. Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity at any Dose Reduces All-Cause Dementia Risk Regardless of Frailty Status. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, March 2025, Volume 26, Issue 3, 105456
Wu W, Ding D, Zhao Q, Xiao Z, Luo J, Ganguli M, Hughes TF, Jacobsen E, Haan MN, van Dang K, Lima-Costa MF, Blay SL, de Castro-Costa E, Ng TP, Gwee X, Gao Q, Gureje O, Ojagbemi A, Bello T, Shahar S, Ludin AFM, Rivan NFM, Scarmeas N, Anastasiou CA, Yannakoulia M, Brodaty H, Crawford JD, Lipton RB, Derby CA, Katz MJ, Lipnicki DM, Sachdev PS; for Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC). Dose-response relationship between late-life physical activity and incident dementia: A pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies of memory in an international consortium. Alzheimers Dement. 2023 Jan;19(1):107-122. doi: 10.1002/alz.12628.
Tokgöz S, Claassen JAHR. Exercise as Potential Therapeutic Target to Modulate Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in APOE ε4 Carriers: A Systematic Review. Cardiol Ther. 2021 Jun;10(1):67-88. doi: 10.1007/s40119-020-00209-z. 
Colovati MES, Novais IP, Zampol M, Mendes GD, Cernach MCS, Zanesco A. Interaction between physical exercise and APOE gene polymorphism on cognitive function in older people. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2020 Dec 9;54(2):e10098. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X202010098.
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Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD

Gut Microbiome and Dementia 

Seo, Do., Holtzman, D.M. Current understanding of the Alzheimer’s disease-associated microbiome and therapeutic strategies. Exp Mol Med 56, 86–94 (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s12276-023-01146-2
Verhaar Barbara J. H. , Hendriksen Heleen M. A. , de Leeuw Francisca A. , Doorduijn Astrid S. , van Leeuwenstijn Mardou , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Barkhof Frederik , Scheltens Philip , Kraaij Robert , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Nieuwdorp Max , Muller Majon , van der Flier Wiesje M. Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to AD Pathology. Frontiers in Immunology. Volume 12 - 2021. doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.794519
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Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD

Inflammation and Dementia 

Duggan, M.R., Morgan, D.G., Price, B.R. et al. Immune modulation to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurodegeneration 20, 39 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-025-00828-x
Kenneth J. O’Riordan, Gerard M. Moloney, Lily Keane, Gerard Clarke, John F. Cryan. The gut microbiota-immune-brain axis: Therapeutic implications. Cell Reports Medicine. Volume 6, Issue 3. doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.101982.
Dove A, Dunk MM, Wang J, Guo J, Whitmer RA, Xu W. Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Dementia in Older Adults With Cardiometabolic Diseases. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(8):e2427125. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.27125
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Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD

Anthropomorphics and Dementia 

Jie Guo, MPH; Jiao Wang, MSc; Abigail Dove, MSc; Hui Chen, BS; Changzheng Yuan, ScD; David A. Bennett, MD; Weili Xu, PhD. Body Mass Index Trajectories Preceding Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia, JAMA Psychiatry. 2022;79(12):1180-1187. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3446
Mika Kivimäki, Ritva Luukkonen, G. David Batty, Jane E. Ferrie, Jaana Pentti, Solja T. Nyberg, Martin J. Shipley, Lars Alfredsson, Eleonor I. Fransson, Marcel Goldberg, et al. Body mass index and risk of dementia: Analysis of individual-level data from 1.3 million individuals, 20 November 2017, Alzheimers and Dementia, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.09.016
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Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD Ashanthi Gajaweera, MD

Hormonal Health and Dementia 

Thurston RC, Wu M, Chang YF, Aizenstein HJ, Derby CA, Barinas-Mitchell EA, Maki P. Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms and White Matter Hyperintensities in Midlife Women. Neurology. 2023 Jan 10;100(2):e133-e141. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201401. 
O. Scheyer, A. Rahman, H. Hristov, C. Berkowitz, R.S. Isaacson, R. Diaz Brinton, and L. Mosconi. Female Sex and Alzheimer’s Risk: The Menopause Connection. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2018 ; 5(4): 225–230. doi:10.14283/jpad.2018.34.
Mosconi L, Berti V, Dyke J, Schelbaum E, Jett S, Loughlin L, Jang G, Rahman A, Hristov H, Pahlajani S, Andrews R, Matthews D, Etingin O, Ganzer C, de Leon MJ, Isaacson R, Brinton RD. Menopause impacts human brain structure, connectivity, energy metabolism, and amyloid-beta deposition. Scientific Reports 2021;11: e10867. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90084-y
Aarti Mishra, Yiwei Wang, Fei Yin, Francesca Vitali, Kathleen E. Rodgers, Maira Soto, Lisa Mosconi, Tian Wang, Roberta D. Brinton. A tale of two systems: Lessons learned from female mid-life aging with implications for Alzheimer’s prevention & treatment. Ageing Research Reviews, Volume 74, 2022, doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101542.
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